RAW vs. JPEG: Which format should you shoot in?

File format can make a big difference in your photos.

In your DSLR camera settings, you’ll find two shooting formats: RAW and JPEG. What’s the advantage of RAW format? What is a RAW image? Is RAW or JPEG superior? Every photographer interested in digital photography runs into the file type question at some point.

What is a RAW file?

A RAW file is lossless, meaning it captures uncompressed data from your camera sensor. Sometimes referred to as a digital negative, you can think of a RAW file as the raw “ingredients” of a photo that will need to be processed in order to bring out the picture’s full potential. As you might expect, the tradeoff for these detailed files is that RAW files are quite a bit larger than JPEG files. Still, most professional photographers shoot in RAW because it gives them more information to work with in the post-processing phase.

What is a JPEG file?

Unlike RAW images, JPEG images are compressed versions of RAW files. “Think of a zip file,” says photographer Nicole Morrison. You’re compressing a tonne of information into a smaller package. “But all that extra information in RAWs is what gives you the latitude to tweak the white balance and exposure, for example, to a much larger degree than with a JPEG.”

In addition to their efficient compression capabilities, JPEGs are popular because the camera does a lot of processing work for you, so your photos look more finished straight off the camera.

Differences between the image files.

Now that you’re familiar with the defining characteristics of each file type, see how they stack up in detail. Here are some of the most prominent factors to consider when you choose between JPEG and RAW.

File size

The main drawback of shooting RAW is how much space the files swallow up. This is the tradeoff you have to make for that higher image quality. Photographer Jenn Byrne emphasize the importance of having enough storage on hand when shooting RAW. “If you’re going from JPEG to RAW you might be surprised at how much storage you need in your memory card.” But don’t let that discourage you from giving it a try. “Hard drives and memory cards are so much cheaper than they were 15 years ago. It’s not as cost prohibitive to shoot RAW any more,” points out Byrne.

Post-processing

Higher image quality translates into more available data when it comes to photo editing, giving RAWs a definitive edge over JPEGs. Editing programmes like Adobe Camera RAW, Bridge or Lightroom are built for fine-tuning RAWs into polished final photos.

“The good thing about photo editing is that Lightroom is not editing RAW photos. So when you export JPEGs from Lightroom, it’s creating a unique file, not changing the data in your RAW photo,” explains Morrison. This is called non-destructive editing and means you can export RAWs as JPEGs, TIFFs, DNGs and more, giving you more flexibility to further manipulate without losing the original file.

Dynamic range

One of the largest benefits of RAW is the ability to recover shadows and highlights in post-processing without bringing in the grainy noise usually associated with high ISO settings. RAWs are very forgiving if you have severely underexposed or overexposed areas.

“When you’re shooting in JPEG, it’s really important to nail your exposure,” Morrison points out. If you try to pull up shadows or bring down highlights on your JPEG, it could result in banding or posterisation. Both effects are due to the limited colour and tonal spectrum of 8-bit JPEGs. To help guard against this, Morrison suggests enabling highlight indicators. Most camera manufacturers have this feature, which alerts you to the areas in your photo where highlights have been blown out in the preview screen.

White balance

With JPEG files, the white balance is already balanced. This is a big reason why JPEGs look more finished than their RAW counterparts straight off the camera. “A change you can make in a one-step increment in Lightroom, like white balance, you can only make in a five-step increment with JPEGs,” Morrison points out. She recommends learning to shoot in manual white balance so you can bring it to your desired point later.